main+sources+of+finance

code Business operations (day-to-day) and investment (in new factories, computers, research, etc) are financed from:

"retained earnings" (ie: profits that are not distributed to shareholders)

bank loans (a line of credit that the bank creates for the company, but which is not tradeable like a bond)

bond issuances (borrowing from credit markets by issuing 'bonds' that oblige repayment to the holder/investor and which can then be traded on money markets)

new equity share issuances (these raise capital from markets by attracting investors who own shares that can then be traded)

code